Improvement in calculating-machines



5Sheets-Sheet 2. R. VEREA. Calculating-Machine.

No. 207,918. Patented Sept. 10, 1878.

Jay. 5.

WITNESSES INVENTOR e. fl. 20W

ATTORNEYS.

NFEI'ERS. PHOTmu'moenPuEn, wAsi-uNcwN, A c.

5 SheeLs-Sheet 5 R. VEREA. Calculating-Machine.

No. 207,918. PatentedSept. 10! 1878. W 7/1 14 12 u u u u H T H O 1WITNESSES: INVENTOB ATTUBNEYS.

N. PETEJ S, FHOTC-UTHUGRAFHER, W,qSH|NGTOH 0 C UNITED STATES PATENTOEEIoE.

RAMON "EREA, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

IMPROVEMENT IN CALCULATING-MACHINES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 207,918, datedSeptember 10, 1578 application filed July 5, 1878.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RAMON VEREA, of the city, county, and State of NewYork, have invented a new and Improved Calculating-llachine, of whichthe following is a specification:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section taken on line x w in Fig. 2. Fig. 2is a sectional plan view. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section taken on liney y in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is an inverted plan view. Fig. 5 is a verticaltransverse section taken on line 2 z in Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a verticaltransverse section taken on line 0c 00 in Fig. 1. Fig. 7 is a detailview of the index-plate. Fig. 8 is a detail view of the sliding table.Fig. 9 is a detail view of the adjusting mechanism. Fig. 10 is a tableaccompanying the machine. Figs. 11 and 12 are side and end views,respectively, of the vertically-moving frame. Fig. 13 is a plan view ofthe central or motor shaft and the levers for adjusting the slide whichcarries the pins. Fig. 14 is a cross section of the shaft on line (v .r,Fig. 13.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

teferring to the drawing, A is the frame of the machine, which containsall of the working parts. For the purposes of this description I havecalled the end marked a the front end of the machine, and the endmarked 1) the rear end.

In the front end of the frame A there are ways 0, in which is placed asliding frame, B, in which are journaled two hollow decagonal prisms, O0, whose shafts c 0 project through the upper bar of the f ammo, and areprovided with pinions ff, which are engaged by de tent-sprin gs 5 whichare secured to the upper bar of the frame B. These pinions are engagedby racks h 71/ formed on the edges of the plates '8 27. These plates areboth numbered from 0 to 9, the 0 being nearestthe prisms O G.

A table, D, having slots j j, is placed above the frame B, and securedto it, so as to confine the plates c i to their places. Knobs 7.:project from the plates i 2" through the slots j in the table D, and areprovided with indicator-points Z, Figs. 8 and 9, which move along scalesm on the table D, at the side of the slots j. These scales are eachnumbered from 0 to 9.

There are holes 12, Fig. 8, through the table at the inner end of theslots j, through which the figures on the plates 2' may be seen.

In each face of each decagonal prism there are nine holes, 0, disposedin two vertical rows. These holes are of different diameters, and thesmaller ones vary in depth.

A slide, E, is placed upon vertical guides 11, which are supported inthe frame A by cross-bars q. The slide E carries two pairs of taperingpins, 1', which, when the prisms C C are thrown backward by the movementof the frame B, enter the holes 0, until they strike the bottom or sidesof the holes, when the pins are carried along with the prisms. By meansof this device the operations of the other parts of the machine arecontrolled.

The slide E is moved up or down, so as to bring the pins 4' opposite anyof the holes 0 by means of the levers F, which are fulcrumed on theshaft G and connected with the slide by means of links .9. The levers Fextend to the extreme rear end of the machine, where they are connectedtogether by a cross-bar, t. The shaft G, which is journaled near themiddle of the frame, has, near each end, cams a, which engage lugs 17 onthe arms a, that eXtend rearwardly from the frame B.

A transverse frame, H, is placed in vertical guides in the middle of theframe A, and in itare placed four horizontal bars, a a" b I), to theforward end of each of which is attached a vertical bar, a, whichcorresponds in position to one of the pins 1'.

The frame 11 is moved up and down alter nately by two cams, (l 0. Thesecams are secured together, and are oppositely disposed in respect toeach other. They are capable of sliding upon the shaft G, but areprevented from turning in dependently thereof by afeather on the shaft.These cams are shifted so as to bring either of them into engagementwith an apertured plate,f, Figs. 3 and 11, secured to the frame H bymeans of two arms, which project downward from a sliding bar, h, thatextends longitudinally through the frame H, and is supported by guidesformed in the sides of the frame A. Two lugs, Fig. 3, project from theedge of the opening in the platef, and are engaged by one or the otherof the cams d 0 when the frame II is raised or low cred.

The rear ends of the bars a a b b, Fig. 1,

are offset and'provided with racks j j, which may be brought intoengagement with pinions k on the shafts of the wheels I l, which shaftsare journ aled in standards m, Fig. 2, that project from a cross-bar ofthe frame A. Adj oining the wheel 1 there is a wheel, 1', which isplaced axially in line with the wheels 1 1. Above the wheels 1 Z 1'there is a frame, I, which is parallel to the axis of the said wheels,and is supported in guides form ed in the frame A. In the frame I thereisa rod, 0,upon which are placed five wheels, 19 g r 8 75 In the presentmachine but three of these wheels, r 8 t are required; but the numbermay be varied to suit the capacity of the machine.

The wheels r s t have notches a, for receiving the teeth of the wheels Zl 1'. Between these notches there are ten plain surfaces, upon which areplaced the figures from 1 to 9; also the cipher. To each of the wheels pg r s t a mutilated pinion, o, is attached, and upon a shaft, to, aresecured as many toothed sectors a as there are pinions c on the rod 0 Toone of the toothed sectors, at or near the middle of the machine, isjointed a bar, b which extends through the top of the frame I, andserves as a handle for-moving the sectors a when it is desired to returnthe wheels g r s t to zero.

The sectors, when moved, carry the pinions c until a blank space isreached on the pinion, when the cipher will come opposite a slot, 0 inthe front side of the frame I. The sectors a are returned to theiroriginal position, out of the way of the pinions v, by a spring, d Therotation of the shaft G moves the frame B rearward, so that the prisms Oare brought into engagement with the tapering pins r. WVhen the saidpins strike the bottom or sides of the holes 0 they are carried forwardby the prisms 0 against the vertical bars 0 on the ends of the bars a.When they come into contact with these bars they push them toward therear of the machine, and thus cause the pinions k and wheels Z l torotate a sufficient distance to bring the proper numbers opposite theslot 0 The distance through which the wheels are rotated dependsentirely upon the distance.

each face, and no two faces are alike.

' The tapering pins r are moved up and down by the levers F, so thatthey may be placed opposite any of the holes in the rear face of theprisms, and the position of the prisms, as before observed, is regulatedby moving the plates i 1" out or in, according to the scale on the tableD.

The height of the pins 1' is regulated by one of two sliding scales, J,which engage a lever, K, that is pivoted at one side of the frame A, andhas a triangular projection, e which extends nearly to the frame I. Thescales J are placed in guideslots in the rear of the frame I, and areeach provided with a projection, f

Fig. 7, which extends to the center-line of the machine. One or theother of these scales is used in determining the position of thetapering pins 1 by engagement with the triangular projection e of thelever K, the said lever being arranged to rest on the rear end of thelever F, so that when either of the scales is moved up or down the rearends of the levers F move with it.

The prismsgovern the operations of the machine. They are alike, and theholes in their several faces are made according to the table shown inFig. 10. The figures in each division of the table represent certainparts of the diameter of the largest hole in the cylinder, 9representing the largest holes, which are capable of receiving the pinswithout moving them.

0 is a mere indentation, and from 1 to 9 the holes vary regularly insize,'each figure smaller than 9 representing a certain part of 9.

The taper and length of the pins 0", as will be noticed, are alsoproportionate to the diameter of the holes, so that when a pin strikesin a 9-hole it is not moved forward at all. When it strikes in an 8-holethe pin 7 is moved forward, so as to turn the wheel a one-tenth of arevolution. When the pin strikes in a 7- hole it moves the wheel athrough two-tenths of a revolution, and so on throughout the entiretable; and when the end of the pin strikes in the indentation marked 0it is carried forward, so as to cause the wheel a to make ninetenths ofa revolution.

The table is constructed especially for this machine, and is made fromthe ordinary mut tiplication-table in the following manner:

Take, for example, 5 5=25. The figures 25 are transposed, making 52.This taken from 99 leaves 47, (9952=47) the number required for theplace of the product of 5 X 5 in the ordinary multiplication-table.These figures represent holes in the prism, which are of such size as toengage the pins 1, so as to move the wheels at and expose the number 25through the slot 0".

Directly under the wheels Z Z 1' there is a rod, g upon which are placedtwo sleeves, h To one end of each sleeve is secured an arm, i thatextends upward in position to be engaged by a pin, j projecting from thenumber-wheel it. Near the other end of the sleeve h there are arms kupon which are placed sliding forks 1*. These forks extend upward inposition to engage the teeth of the wheels Z Z, when the said forks aremoved forward or backward by the arms i and raised by the levers m m Thelevers m m are fulcrumed on the rod a and are connected with the forksby means of links 0 Fig. 5. The shorter arm of the lever m is engagedtwice during every revolution of the shaft G by the cam p placed on thesaid shaft. In front of the rod a and a little below it, a rock-shaft,is jour naled in the frame A. Upon this shaft is secured a short arm, 1which engages the shorter arm of the lever W. A short forked arm, 8 isalso secured to the rock-shaft g and is designed to engage the shorterend of the lever m and to be engaged by the cam 12 on the shaft Gr toreturn the lever m to its normal position after it has been moved so asto raise the fork 1*. There are three spring-detents, 29, secured to aroekshaft, a and arranged to strike between the teeth of the wheels I tZ to cause them to register correctly.

The operation of the machine is as follows: Before beginning anyoperation take care that all indexes, wheels, and sliding tables markzero. To write any number, the button h, Fig. 6, ought to be pulled out.If it is desired to multiply a number of units, the index I, that isconnected with the prism (J, is moved to the multiplier on the table D,and one of the scales J is moved downward until the inultiplicand iseven with the top of the frame I. The shaft G is now turned in aright-hand direction, carrying the frame 13 forward until the prisms Cengage the tapering pins 1' and carry them backward against the verticalbars 0, when the bars a and their racks are carried backward until thewheels I l are rotated so as to show in the slot 0 the product. Shouldtens enter into the calculation the prism O is brought into use, and theindex I, connected therewith, is moved to the proper number, and theoperation is performed as before. Should the units-wheel make onerevolution it will be registered on the tens-wheel by the action of thefork I", it being thrown into position to engage the tens-wheel by thelever i when the latter is engaged by the pin j on the unitswheel. Thehundreds-wheel is turned from the tens-wheel in precisely the samemanner.

The reverse motion of the wheels at is secured by shifting the cams d bymeans of the rod h, by which the relation of the racks i to the pinionsk is changed.

To subtract, the indexes l are adjusted to figures on the plate D whichrepresent the subtrahend. The shaft Gis then turned until the subtrahendappears in the slot 0. The slides are again moved until the indexes lare opposite the numbers representing the minuend. The rod h is thenmoved so as to reverse the motion of the frame H, and bring the otherset of racks, i, into engagement with the pinions K. The shaft Gr is110w turned, and the racks are carried forward, so as to take theminuend from the subti'ahend and have the numbers representing theremainder exposed through the slot 0.

It is obvious that holes of different depths may be made in the prisms,and that the pins 1' maybe of one diameter throughout. Therefore I donot confine myself to the exact form herein described.

The following are practical examples in addition, subtraction,multiplication, and division:

Addition.Example: 96+3l+27. Push the second index 1 till it marks orpoints 9, and figure 9 will appear in the lateral hole n. Push the indexI till the number 6 will appear in the hole 12, making together 96. Givea turn to the main shaft G, and 96 will appear on the wheels in theproduct-box. For the second amount, 34, push the left index i to 3 andthe other to 4, and 3% will appear in the lateral holes a. \Vith anotherturn to the main shaft 130 will appear in the product-box. To add, now,27, we have to do the same. Yi r te the numbers in the indexes I, turnthe shatt (i and 157 will appear in the product-box, which is the sum of96+3 l+27. V v

Subtracti0n.-To subtract, we write the minnend in the index I, as 96,and turn the main shaft. Then we write the subtrahend, say 34, just aswe did in the addition; but before turning the shaft we pull out thebutton h, Fig. 6 5 62 will appear in the product-box. Q

MuHQ)Z'icati0n.--Exainple: 86 X 97. \X e write one of these factors onthe indexes I, as for add ing, and the other on the sliding tables J nthe back of the produetbox. lVe move this box as many places to theright as there are numbers in the inultiplieator, less one. Havingwritten 86 in the indexes and 97 on the sliding tables, and with theproduct-box in position, we turn once the main shaft G, and theproduct-case will mark 7 74, which is the product of 86 x 9. Now we movethe productbox one place to the left and turn the shaft again, and theproduct-box will mark 8342, which is the product of 86 x 97.

Division.-Example: 8342+S6. \Ye write the dividend in the product-box bytransferring from the indexes, and push the to the right, the same asfor multiplication. Then we write 86 in the indexes, and pull out thebutton 71 Fig. 6. 83 can hold 8 about nine times, and so we mark 9 inthe-sliding table J in the back of the box, and give a turn to theshaft; 602 will appear or be left. \Ve move the box one place to theleft, and, supposing that 60 will hold 8 seven times, we push down theslide-table on the right to 7, and turn the shaft. Nothing will appearin the productbox. 83l2+86=97.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters latent-- 1. The combination, in a calculating-inachine, ofone or more perforated prisms orcylinders, O, and tapered pins 1',substantially as and for the purpose herein shown and de scribed.

2. The sliding bars a, carrying racks i", the wheels a Z, tapering pins9, and perforated prisms O, in combination, substantially as here inshown and described.

3. The combination of the scales J, lever K, levers F, slide E, andtapering pins 1', sub= stantially as herein shown and described.

at. The combination of the lever i, the arm k fork Z and mechanism foroperating the same, the wheels r having the pins j and the wheels 1,substantially as herein shown and described.

5. The bars a, frame H, having the plate f, and the cams d e, incombination, suba and the mutilated pinions v with the stantially asherein shown and described. wheels 1', substantially as herein shown and6. The graduated plates 1', carrying racks h described.

and indexes l, the graduated table D, and the prisms O 0, having pinionsff, in combina- RAMON W EREA' tion, substantially as herein shown anddelVit-nesscsz scribed. G120. M. HOPKINS,

7. The combination of the toothed sectors 0. SEDGWICIC

